Systems and methods for personal identification number distribution and delivery

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for obtaining a personal identification number (PIN) from a client terminal are disclosed. A method includes storing, at the client terminal, PINs for plural prepaid services. The method also includes receiving, at the client terminal, a request for a PIN associated with a desired prepaid service corresponding to one of the plural prepaid services. A PIN request is then sent, from the client terminal, to a server when less than a predefined number of PINs associated with the desired prepaid service are stored at the client terminal. In response, one or more PINs associated with the desired prepaid service are received at the client terminal. The method further includes dispensing at least one PIN corresponding to the desired prepaid service from the client terminal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to co-pendingU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/007,663, filed Dec. 7, 2004,entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBERDISTRIBUTION AND DELIVERY, and is a continuation-in-part of and claimspriority to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/821,815,entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTING PERSONAL IDENTIFICATIONNUMBERS OVER A COMPUTER NETWORK, filed Dec. 10, 2002, which is acontinuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 09/619,392, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTINGPERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS OVER A COMPUTER NETWORK, filed Jul. 19,2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,526,130. The content of each of theseapplications is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entiretyfor all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a system and method fordistributing personal identification numbers (PINs) for access topre-paid goods and/or services to users over a computer network. Morespecifically, but not exclusively, the present invention relates tosystems and methods for distributing a supply of PINs among acentralized server and plural distribution client terminals throughwhich the PINs may be vended.

BACKGROUND

There currently exist “pre-paid” telephone cards that allow a customerto purchase a desired amount of long-distance telephone time from aparticular telephone service provider. These pre-paid telephone cardsare often sold by dealers such as convenience stores or wireless phonestores. Pre-paid telephone cards are also often sold in airports.Vending machines for selling pre-paid telephone cards also have beendeveloped. Each of these pre-paid telephone cards has a specificmonetary denomination. For example, a customer could purchase a $10card, a $20 card, or a $100 card. These pre-paid telephone cards aresold by particular telephone service providers such as AT&T, MCI,Sprint, etc. A customer could, for example, buy a $20 MCI card, whichwould entitle him or her to $20 worth of long-distance calling serviceprovided by MCI. These cards are referred to as “pre-paid” because thecustomer purchases the long-distance time before he or she actuallyplaces the call. This is in contrast to the more typical post-payservice that most telephone customers use with the telephone in theirresidence or office. With post-pay service, customers are sent a bill ona periodic basis. The customer pays for calls that have already beenmade, rather than calls that will be made in the future.

Frequently, the pre-paid telephone cards that are sold by dealers orvending machines are of the “scratch-off' type. After the customerpurchases a card, he or she can scratch off a layer of material, whichreveals a personal identification number (PIN). The layer of scratch-offmaterial hides the PIN from customers browsing in the store who have notpurchased the card. After a customer purchases a card and scratches offthe layer of material, the customer can then use the card to place along-distance call. When the customer wishes to place a long-distancecall, he or she dials a special number provided by the telephone serviceprovider. The customer then enters the PIN written on the card. The longdistance provider automatically debits the charge of the call from anaccount associated with the PIN.

As an example, a customer could purchase a $10 MCI card. After thecustomer rubs off the layer of material, a PIN number 129384348764 isrevealed. When the customer wishes to place a long-distance call, thecustomer dials an MCI access number. The customer then enters PIN129384348764. The long-distance carrier, MCI, identifies the PIN andrecognizes that there is $10 worth of credit in this account. If thecustomer places a call which lasts 5 minutes and costs $4, MCI willdebit the account so that $6 remains. The next time the customer placesa call using that PIN number, the system will find that $6 remains inthe account associated with that PIN.

One problem with these pre-paid phone cards is that the cards arerequired to be carried as inventory by dealers. There is substantialwork and expense associated with maintaining a filled inventory ofcards. First, the dealer or vending machine operator has to predictwhich cards will be in demand and determine how many cards of eachdenomination to order for each of various providers. The dealer then hasto pay for the desired inventory of cards up front, which requires asignificant cash outlay. The dealer then has to keep track of how manycards are left in stock for each service provider and of each differentmonetary denomination, and determine when to order a new batch of cards.All of these costs associated with filled inventory can be timeconsuming and expensive for dealers.

Another problem is that these pre-paid telephone cards are especiallyvulnerable to theft, loss, and other inventory “shrinkage.” Because thecards are small, it is easy for a shoplifter to pocket a card unnoticed.Since these cards have a high value to them and are so easy to pocket,dealers, which sell these cards, are extremely vulnerable to inventoryshrinkage.

Vending card machines have been proposed which store personalidentification numbers (PINs) in a memory in the machine. A customer canthen purchase a pre-paid telephone PIN by inserting cash into themachine. The machine can replenish its stock of PINs when the memoryruns out of PINs or on a periodic basis by accessing a remote store ofPINs via a modem.

One problem with these vending machines is that there are stillsignificant costs associated with inventorying the PINs. The PINs areretained in a memory in the machine, which has a similar effect tostoring cards. Once a PIN has been stored in the memory of a particularmachine, that PIN becomes unavailable to be used by any other dealer,even if the PIN is never purchased. Additionally, if the machine was tobreak, or the memory was to be erased, there is a problem determiningwho is responsible for paying for the PINs that were contained in thememory. Additionally, decisions must still be made how many PINs tostore in memory, what monetary denominations to store in memory, and forwhich providers to store PINs in memory. Therefore, there are stillsignificant inventory costs associated with storing the PINs in thevending machine. Additionally, these proposed vending machines do notprovide consumers the ability to obtain a PIN from the convenience oftheir homes or offices.

Another proposed system is based upon a web site accessed over theInternet. A customer can go to this web site and purchase pre-paidtelephone service. A PIN is then e-mailed to the customer's e-mailaddress. One disadvantage of this service is that a customer must beable to access his or her e-mail account in order to obtain the PIN.Additionally, e-mail is often unsecure. If a computer hacker is“listening in” on an individual's email, then the hacker can steal thePIN and use it for his own purposes. Additionally, if a customer ispurchasing a PIN in a convenience store or an airport, the customer willprobably not have access to his or her e-mail account. The customer mayhave to wait to return to his or her home or office to access the PIN.Additionally, e-mail can sometimes be slow and it may take hours or daysto retrieve the message from the customers Internet Service Provider(ISP).

A system which overcomes the primary disadvantages of the systemsreferenced above is described in the above-referenced co-pending U.S.application Ser. No. 10/316,603, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,522,716 which isassigned to the assignee of the present invention. This applicationdescribes a system and method for providing a personal identificationnumber (PIN) to a client terminal over a computer network. The describedsystem and method eliminates all costs associated with filled inventoryfor dealers selling PINs. For example, a server receives a request for aPIN over a network, the request originating from a user at a clientterminal. The request is associated with a requested monetary unit and arequested provider. The server retrieves from a database a PINassociated with the requested monetary unit and requested provider. Theserver transmits the retrieved PIN to the client terminal over thenetwork, wherein the PIN is transmitted to the client terminal on-demandin response to the customer's request. No inventory of PINs is stored atthe client terminal. All transmissions between the client terminal andthe server are by secure transmission to prevent an eavesdropper fromstealing the PIN(s).

Upon or prior to receipt of the PIN at the client terminal, the user isprompted to enter payment at the terminal for the requested PIN. Afterthe user pays for one or more PINs, the client terminal prints a receiptfor the customer, the receipt including the requested PIN number andinstructions for using the PIN. The PIN can be used for accessingpre-paid telephone service. Alternatively, the PIN can be used foraccessing other pre-paid goods and services such as gasoline, magazines,subway service, etc.

Although the system described in the above-described applicationprovides numerous advantages, in many implementations a telephone callis required to be placed from the client terminal to the server inconnection with the purchase and dispensing of each PIN. Unfortunately,the telecommunications charges resulting from such calls tend toincrease the cost of operating the system.

SUMMARY

In summary, the present invention generally relates to a method ofobtaining a personal identification number (PIN) from a client terminal.In one aspect the method includes storing, within a cache at the clientterminal, PINs for plural prepaid services. The method further includesreceiving, at the client terminal, a request for a PIN associated with adesired prepaid service. If the desired prepaid service corresponds toone of the plural prepaid services for which one or more PINs are storedat the client terminal, one or more of these stored PINs are dispensedin response to the PIN request. On the other hand, when the desiredprepaid service does not correspond to one of the plural prepaidservices, a PIN request is sent from the client terminal to a server. Inresponse, at least a requested PIN associated with the desired prepaidservice is downloaded from the server, received at the client terminal,and dispensed. Additional PINs may also be downloaded, separately orwith the requested PIN, in order to replenish the supply of PINs for theplural prepaid services maintained within the cache.

The present invention also pertains to a client terminal which includesa processor and a first interface. The first interface is disposed toreceive a first request for a PIN associated with a first desiredprepaid service and a second request for a PIN associated with a seconddesired prepaid service. The client terminal also includes memory,operatively coupled to the processor, which contains instructions of anapplication program executed by the processor. The memory also caches atleast a first requested PIN associated with the first desired prepaidservice. A dispensing mechanism functions to dispense, under the controlof the application program, the first requested PIN in response to thefirst request for a PIN. The client terminal further includes a secondinterface through which is transmitted, to a server, a PIN requestgenerated by the application program when the application programdetermines that at least one PIN associated with the second desiredprepaid service is not cached within the memory. The dispensingmechanism is further configured to dispense, under the control of theapplication program and in response to receipt of the second request fora PIN, a second requested PIN associated with the second desired prepaidservice wherein the second requested PIN is received through the secondinterface.

In another aspect the present invention relates to a system fordelivering personal identification numbers (PINs) to client terminals.The system includes a server containing a processor and memoryoperatively coupled to the processor. The system also includes adatabase in communication with the server. The database contains: (i)plurality of sets of PINs associated with a corresponding plurality ofprepaid services, and (ii) a set of records wherein each of the recordsincludes information identifying ones of the plurality of prepaidservices for which one of the client terminals is disposed to storeplural PINs. The processor executes instructions stored in the memoryfor sending, to a first of the client terminals from which a PIN requestcorresponding to one of the plurality of prepaid services is received,at least one PIN associated with the one of the plurality of prepaidservices.

The present invention also relates to a method of obtaining a personalidentification number (PIN) from a client terminal. The method includesstoring, at the client terminal, PINs for plural prepaid services. Themethod also includes receiving, at the client terminal, a request for aPIN associated with a desired prepaid service corresponding to one ofthe plural prepaid services. A PIN request is then sent, from the clientterminal, to a server when less than a predefined number of PINsassociated with the desired prepaid service are stored at the clientterminal. In response, one or more PINs associated with the desiredprepaid service are received at the client terminal. The method furtherincludes dispensing at least one PIN corresponding to the desiredprepaid service from the client terminal.

Additional aspects of the present invention are further described belowin conjunction with the appended drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the nature of the features of theinvention, reference should be made to the following detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a system architecture suitable forimplementing a method of distributing PINS;

FIG. 2A depicts a picture of a dealer-located embodiment of a clientterminal;

FIG. 2B depicts an automated kiosk embodiment of a client terminal;

FIG. 2C depicts a personal computer embodiment of a client terminal;

FIG. 3 depicts a simplified example of a database record;

FIGS. 4A and 4B depict a flowchart illustrating a method of purchasingone or more PINs;

FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a clientterminal;

FIG. 6 depicts an example of a display allowing the user to choose aprovider;

FIG. 7 depicts an example of a display allowing the user to choose amonetary denomination;

FIG. 8 depicts an example of a display showing the user rate andexpiration information;

FIG. 9 depicts an example of a display allowing the user to choose aquantity of cards;

FIG. 10A depicts an example of a display screen requesting payment fromthe user;

FIG. 10B depicts an example of a display screen showing the user his orher purchased PIN(s);

FIG. 11 depicts a flowchart illustrating a method of using a PIN toaccess telephone service;

FIG. 12 depicts a flowchart illustrating a method of using a PIN at agas station;

FIG. 13 depicts an example display screen for allowing a user to log-into a purchase ordering system;

FIG. 14 depicts an example of a display screen shown to a user forentering data into a purchase order;

FIG. 15 depicts an example of a purchase order summary screen;

FIG. 16 depicts an example of a screen shown to a user for enteringalternate credit card information;

FIG. 17 depicts an example of a purchase receipt summary screen for thepurchase ordering system;

FIG. 18 shows an example of a prepaid cellular PIN receipt/ticket;

FIGS. 19A and 19B show an example of a more detailed database record;

FIG. 20 shows an overview of a system throughout which PINs aredistributed and dispensed in a manner consistent with the presentinvention;

FIG. 21 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment ofa PIN server included within the system of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 depicts a physical embodiment of a client terminal includedwithin the system of FIG. 20;

FIG. 23 shows a block diagrammatic representation of the electronic andother components of an implementation of the client terminal;

FIG. 24 is a flowchart depicting a process of selling an item of prepaidgoods or services and replenishing a local PIN cache in accordance withthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides a system and method for efficientlydistributing the supply of PINs among a centralized server and pluraldistribution terminals through which the PINs are vended. Consistentwith one aspect of the invention, the centralized server maintains adatabase record for each terminal indicating for which prepaid productsPINs may be “pre-stored” within the terminal for such product. In oneimplementation a “high-water mark” indicative of the number of prepaidPINs capable of being pre-stored by the terminal is specified on itsrecord with respect to each product.

As is described in further detail below, a transaction is initiated at agiven terminal in response, for example, to selection of a product via amenu displayed on the terminal. At this point the terminal checks to seeif any prepaid PINs corresponding to the selected prepaid product havebeen pre-stored on the terminal. If so, one of the pre-stored PINs isused for the sale and printed by the terminal upon a receipt. Otherwise,the terminal contacts the server and requests a PIN for the selectedprepaid product. If the selected prepaid product is characterized withinthe server by a non-zero high-water mark, then at least onecorresponding PIN is downloaded from the server to the terminal. Thefirst of these PINs is sold to the consumer, and any remaining PINs alsodownloaded are stored locally on the terminal.

The present invention may be best understood in light of the subjectmatter of the above-referenced co-pending U.S. application Ser. No.10/316,603, which is described herein with reference to FIGS. 1-19 andincorporated by reference. As one of ordinary skill in the art willrecognize, many of the aspects of the systems and methods described withreference to FIGS. 1-19 are pertinent to the embodiments of the presentinvention described further below.

This co-pending application describes a system and method which allowspurchase of pre-paid amounts of any good or service, such as telephoneservice, gasoline, electricity, dry-cleaning, bus service, subwayservice, magazines, newspapers, or bundled goods and services. Afterpurchase of a pre-paid amount of a good or service, a client terminalreceives a personal identification number (PIN), which is downloaded inreal-time over a network. The PIN is provided over the network“on-demand,” meaning that the PIN is downloaded over the networkimmediately or very soon after receiving a request and payment for thePIN. The PIN is downloaded over a network in response to the request,not delivered to the client terminal hours or days after the request.The PIN is not stored locally at the client terminal (typically operatedby a dealer), but is downloaded over the network (e.g., a public networksuch as the Internet or the public switched telephone network), thuseliminating any inventory tasks or costs associated with maintaining afilled inventory for the dealer. After the PIN is received at the clientterminal and it is dispensed to an end user, it may be used at anyconvenient time to access the desired good or service.

The above-identified co-pending application thus provides “virtualinventory” of pre-paid cards because it removes all the burdens ofinventorying pre-paid cards from the dealer. Additionally, it provides“virtual distribution” of telephone cards, because the service providersno longer have to manufacture pre-paid cards and distribute them to thedealers. Because the PINs are delivered on-demand, there is a real-timedistribution and accounting. Additionally, there is an elimination ofthe inventory shrinkage problem created by the loss, and theft ofpre-paid cards.

Moreover, the above-identified co-pending application describes a systemand method for providing a personal identification number (PIN) to aclient terminal over a computer network. The described system and methodeliminates all costs associated with filled inventory for dealersselling PINs. For example, a server receives a request for a PIN over anetwork, the request originating from a client terminal. The request isassociated with a requested monetary unit and a requested provider. Theserver retrieves from a database a PIN associated with the requestedmonetary unit and requested provider. The server transmits the retrievedPIN to the client terminal over the network, wherein the PIN istransmitted to the client terminal on-demand in response to the requestfrom the client terminal. No inventory of PINs is stored at the clientterminal. All transmissions between the client terminal and the serverare by secure transmission to prevent an eavesdropper from stealing thePIN(s).

Once dispensed to the end user by the client terminal, the PIN can beused for accessing pre-paid telephone service. Alternatively, the PINcan be used for accessing other pre-paid goods and services such asgasoline, magazines, subway service, etc.

The server can transmit to the client terminal a plurality of productsor services available. The server then receives from the client terminala selection of one of the available products or services. The servertransmits to the client terminal a plurality of provider names for therequested product or service. The server receives from the clientterminal the selection of one of the available provider names. Theserver transmits to the client terminal a plurality of monetarydenominations available for the requested provider. The server receivesfrom the client terminal a selection of one of the available monetarydenominations. The server transits to the client terminal a plurality ofregions available for the requested provider. The server receives fromthe client terminal a selection of the one of the available regions. Theserver can receive a request from the client terminal to view rateinformation. The server then transmits rate information to the clientterminal.

The user of the client terminal (e.g., a dealer) is then prompted toenter payment for the requested PIN. The user may enter payment by a)inserting cash into a receptacle at the client terminal, or b) enteringcredit card or debit card or smart card information or swiping the cardof an end user of the requested PIN through a receptacle. If an end userpays a dealer for the requested PIN, then settlement with the operatorof the server may occur in a number of ways. For example, the dealer mayremit a portion of the payment to an account associated with the serverby a) transferring funds from a dealer's account into the accountassociated with the server by an electronic funds transfer, or b)charging a portion of the payment to a dealer's credit account, or c)charging a portion of the payment to a dealer's credit card.

After payment for one or more PINs has been made, the client terminalprints a receipt for the end user, the receipt including the requestedPIN number and instructions for using the PIN. Additionally, a purchaseordering method is described in the above-identified pending applicationwhereby a dealer can buy PINs in bulk and receive a wholesale discount.The dealer can place multiple individual purchase orders at once, eachindividual purchase order associated with a requested provider, arequested monetary denomination, and a requested number of PINs.

The system of the above-identified co-pending application allowspurchase of pre-paid amounts of any good or service, such as telephoneservice, gasoline, electricity, dry-cleaning, bus service, subwayservice, magazines, newspapers, or bundled goods and services. Afterpurchase of a pre-paid amount of a good or service, the client terminalreceives a personal identification number (PIN), which is downloaded inreal-time over a network. The PIN is provided over the network“on-demand,” meaning that the PIN is downloaded over the networkimmediately or very soon after receiving a request and payment for thePIN. The PIN is downloaded over a network by the server in response tothe received request, and not delivered to the client terminal hours ordays after the request. The PIN is not stored locally at the clientterminal, but is downloaded over a network, thus eliminating anyinventory tasks or costs associated with maintaining a filled inventoryfor the dealer. After the PIN has been dispensed by the client terminalto the end user, the PIN may be used at any convenient time to accessthe desired good or service.

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a system for distributing PIN numbers.PIN server 102 is coupled to network 104. Server 102 can be any largecomputer or network device. Network 104 can be any network connectingcomputers such as the Internet. Client terminals 106, 108, and 110 arerunning browser programs 128, 130 and 132, respectively. Browsers 128,130, and 132 are any program that allows client terminals 106, 108, and110 to access PIN server 102 over network 104.

PIN server 102 contains RAM 114, ROM 116, CPU 118, and data storagedevice 120. CPU 188 runs the software, which is operating the methoddepicted in FIG. 4. Data storage device 120 contains a personalidentification number (PIN) database 112. PIN database 112 stores PINs,which are available for purchase. The PIN provides access to a pre-paidamount of a good or a service. PIN database 112 is described in moredetail with respect to FIG. 3.

Data storage device 120 also includes client terminal records 122.Client terminal records store information concerning where clientterminals are located. Client terminal records 122 can store anyinformation specific to specific client terminals, such as previouspurchase history, payment and account information, and terminalpreferences.

Data storage device also includes customer records 123. Customer records123 provide information unique to individual customers. For example, aswill be discussed later with respect to FIG. 2C, customers can accessPIN server 102 through a home personal computer. Customers can identifythemselves and provide identifying information. PIN server 102 can usethis information to provide better service to the customer, to targetadvertising to the customer, or to store payment or credit accounts.When a customer accesses PIN server 102 from a client terminal in aretail store, in most instances the customer will prefer to remainanonymous. In this case, PIN server 102 will not store any customerinformation in customer records 123.

Data storage device 120 also contains provider records 124. Theserecords contain information pertinent to providers who are providingPINs for PIN database 112. For example, these records can containaddresses, billing information, and telephone numbers. Data storagedevice 120 also contains advertising records 126. Advertising records126 contain information about advertising banners and links that can beprovided to client terminals 106, 108 and 110 as an additional source ofrevenue.

Because the PINs are valuable and could be subject to theft and copyingby electronic piracy, communications network 104 between PIN server 102and client terminals 106, 108 and 110 is protected by the use ofencrypted communications and well-known security techniques. Clientterminals 106, 108, and 110 can provide security certificates to PINserver 102 to authenticate their transmissions.

FIGS. 2A-2C depict three alternative physical embodiments of clientterminals 106, 108 and 110. FIG. 2A depicts a physical embodiment, whichis used in a typical checkout counter of a store, such as a conveniencestore. Client terminal 200 of this embodiment includes a touch-screen204. Various options appear on touch-screen 204, which a customer mayactivate by touching an appropriate location on touch-screen 204. Acustomer makes payment by paying cash to a store clerk operating cashregister 202. Alternatively, a customer can pay with a credit card byswiping a credit card through credit card slot 208. Buttons 206 can beused by the customer in addition to touch-screen 204 to make additionalselections, such as choosing a particular type of credit card.

FIG. 2B depicts an alternative physical embodiment for the clientterminal, automated kiosk 210. Automated kiosk 210 includes atouch-screen 212. Credit card receptor 214 allows a consumer to submitpayment by inserting a credit card. Alternatively, the customer caninsert bills into bill receptor 218, or coins into coin receptor 220.The customer can optionally make selections by entering data on keypad216 in addition to making selections with touch-screen 212.

FIG. 2C depicts another alternative physical embodiment for a clientterminal. Personal computer 222 can be used in the convenience of acustomer's home or office to access the PIN server 102, by entering anappropriate URL in the customer's browser. The customer can thenpurchase PIN(s) from the PIN server 102 from the customer's personalcomputer 222.

FIG. 3 depicts a simplified example of records within PIN database 112.Another, more detailed example of records within PIN database 112 isdescribed later with respect to FIGS. 19A and 19B. PIN database 112stores PINs, which are available for purchase by customers. PIN database112 contains records 312. Good/Service field 301 specifies the name of agood or service, which is available for pre-paid purchase. For example,records 312 a-312 p shown in FIG. 3 contain PINs, which provide accessto pre-paid cellular service. Records 312 q-r shown in FIG. 3 containPINs, which provide access to pre-paid gasoline. Other goods andservices can be also be included in PIN database 112 such aselectricity, cable service, satellite TV, etc.

Provider field 302 contains the name of the particular good or serviceprovider associated with the record. For example, FIG. 3 shows recordsfor AT&T, AIRTOUCH, SPRINT, and MOBIL. Value field 304 specifies thedollar value associated with each record. For example, record 312 hprovides a customer with $50 of pre-paid cellular service from AIRTOUCH.PIN field 306 specifies the PIN, which is provided to the customer andallows access to the good or service. Rate field 308 specifies a rateassociated for each record. For example, for cellular telephone servicerate field 308 specifies the calling rate associated with the record. Inthe example PIN database 112 shown in FIG. 3, rate field 308 is not usedfor gasoline records 312 q and 312 r, since the gasoline rate isdetermined at the pump.

Expiration field 310 contains an expiration date beyond which the PINfor that record will no longer be valid. Other fields may also be added.Some fields may be particular to a specific good or service. Forexample, if gasoline is being sold then there may be a field for“Octane” which specifies the octane level of gasoline being purchased.Finally, sale date/time field 320 contains the date and time at whichthe PIN represented by the applicable record 312 was actually sold to anend-user.

FIG. 4A depicts a flowchart illustrating a method of operating PINserver 102. Initially, in stage 400, the PIN server receives a requestfrom a customer to begin. For example, a customer entering a retailstore approaches client terminal 200 shown in FIG. 2A. A “BEGIN” Windowdisplayed on touch-screen 204 reads “Touch here to begin.” The customerapproaches the touch-screen 204 and touches the BEGIN Window. This sendsa request to begin to PIN server 102. In stage 402, in response toreceiving a request to begin, PIN server 102 transmits to the clientterminal a list of products and services offered. For example, PINserver 102 could transmit: 1) cellular telephone service, 2)long-distance telephone service, 3) electricity, 4) gasoline, and so on.All of these goods and services would be available to the customer topurchase on a pre-paid basis. The list of products and servicestransmitted to the client terminal appears, for example, on touch-screen204 shown in FIG. 2A. The customer then touches a desired good orservice on touch-screen 204. This sends a request for the chosen good orservice back to PIN server 102. For example, the customer selects“cellular telephone service.”

In stage 404, PIN server 102 receives the request from the clientterminal for the chosen good or service. In this example, PIN server 102receives a request for cellular telephone service. In stage 406, the PINserver 102 transmits to the client terminal a list of providers for therequested good or service. For example, if the customer has requestedcellular telephone service, PIN server 102 transmits a list of: AT&T,AIR TOUCH, and SPRINT. The customer then selects one of these offeredproviders by touching an option on touch-screen 204. This would send arequest back to PIN server 102 for a particular requested provider. Forexample, the customer could select “AIRTOUCH.”

In stage 408, PIN server 102 receives the customer's request for theparticular provider requested.

In stage 409, PIN server 102 transmits to the client terminal a list ofregions for the requested good or service. For example, if the customerrequested “AIRTOUCH” in stage 408, then PIN server 102 would transmit alist of regions such as “AIRTOUCH NORTHEASTERN U.S.,” or “AIRTOUCH NEWYORK CITY METROPOLITAN REGION,” OR “AIRTOUCH PACIFIC REGION,” etc. Instage 410, PIN server 102 receives the customer's request for aparticular region.

In stage 411, PIN server 102 transmits a list of pre-paid monetarydenominations offered. For example, if a request for “AIRTOUCH” isreceived, pre-paid cellular service for AIRTOUCH in the followingmonetary denominations could be offered: $10, $20, $50, and $100. Thus,a customer could choose to buy a $50 “virtual” phone card, which wouldprovide him or her with $50 of pre-paid cellular service.

The PIN server 102 can determine what monetary denominations areavailable by one of the following methods. As a first method, PIN server102 checks provider records 124, and looks up the record correspondingto the chosen provider (for example, AIRTOUCH). PIN server 102 thenchecks a field of the provider record to determine what monetary valuesare offered. As a second method, PIN server 102 checks PIN database 112,and determines what types of monetary denominations are available. Forexample, PIN server 102 can determine that it is presently out of stockof $50 AIRTOUCH PINs, but PIN server 102 has available $10 PINs, $20PINs, and $100 PINs.

As an example, the customer could choose to purchase a $50 PIN fromAIRTOUCH. The customer would receive a PIN, which would allow him or herto purchase $50 of cellular telephone service. As an alternative totransmitting a list of offered monetary denominations, in stage 410, thecustomer could alternatively be allowed to simply type in at a keypad adesired amount of service that he or she desires. For example, a messagewould appear on touch-screen, 204 stating “TYPE IN AN AMOUNT OF PRE-PAIDSERVICE YOU WISH TO PURCHASE.” The customer could then type in, forexample, $50. PIN server 102 could then check PIN database 112 to see ifit had any $50 PIN denominations available. If there was no $50 PINsavailable, PIN server 102 could, for example, transmit a messagestating, “THERE ARE NO $50 PINS AVAILABLE. WOULD YOU LIKE TO PURCHASE A$40 PIN OR A $75 PIN?” Alternatively, PIN server 102 could transmit amessage stating “THERE ARE NO $50 PINS AVAILABLE FOR AIRTOUCH. HOWEVER,SPRINT AND MCI OFFER $50 PINS FOR CELLULAR TELEPHONE SERVICE. WOULD YOULIKE TO PURCHASE FROM ONE OF THESE PROVIDERS?”

The customer can also be given an option to “View Rates.” If thecustomer chooses this option, then a request to view rates is sent tothe PIN server 102. In stage 412, the request is received by PIN server102. In stage 414, PIN server 102 transmits rate information to theclient terminal. For example, the rate information could specify that a$100 “virtual” pre-paid phone card purchased from AIRTOUCH has acellular calling rate of $0.35 per minute, and the PIN expires in 6months. A $5& virtual pre-paid phone card purchased from AIRTOUCH has acellular calling rate of $0.40 per minute, and the PIN expires in 8months. Providers may choose to offer lower rates for larger pre-paidpurchases as a high volume discount. Further information can also berequested and provided to the customer depending on the particularproduct or service purchased. For example, if the customer is purchasinggasoline, the customer could request current price per gallons atvarious gas station locations for various octane levels.

In stage 416, PIN server 102 receives from the client terminal a requestfor one of the available monetary denominations. For example, thecustomer could select an option to purchase a $50 PIN from AIRTOUCH bytouching the appropriate option on touch-screen 204.

In stage 418, PIN server prompts the customer at the client terminal tomake payment for the requested PIN. Payment can be made by the customerin a number of ways. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, the customercan pay the dealer by cash, credit card, debit card, smart card or anysimilar method (the customer pays a cashier behind cash register 202).Once the customer pays the dealer, then the dealer must transfer aportion of the payment to PIN server. Payment can be apportioned andtransferred between the dealer and the operator of the PIN server by anumber of methods. Some example methods:

First method “ACH WALLET”: The dealer has a special account set up withthe operator of the PIN server. The dealer stores money in the accountbefore the PIN is purchased. Immediately before a customer purchases oneor more PINs, the dealer pays a portion of the payment to the operatorof the PIN server by transferring money from the dealer's account tosuch operator by ACH (automated clearing house) electronic fundstransfer. This method of payment is referred to as “ACH wallet.”

Second method “CREDIT ACCOUNT”: The dealer has a credit account with theoperator of the PIN server. The dealer is allowed a predetermined amountof credit based on the creditworthiness of the dealer. When a customerpays for one or more PINs, a portion of the payment is charged to thedealer's credit account. The dealer is then billed later for the amountcharged.

Third method: The dealer simply provides credit card information to thePIN server. When customer purchases one or more PINs, a portion of thepayment is charged to the dealer's credit card.

Fourth method: The customer's credit card information (or debit card, orsmart card) is sent directly to the PIN server. The operator of the PINserver then charges the customer's credit card and sends a portion ofthe payment back to the dealer.

As will be understood by one skilled in the art, the above methods areby example only and there are a multitude of ways that payment can bearranged between the dealer and the operator of the PIN server. All ofthese methods do have one thing in common, however. The PIN is sent bythe PIN server right after a payment is made (either by cash or credit).This makes the delivery of the PIN “on demand” and eliminates costsassociated with filled inventory. Because the PIN is sent right afterpayment is made, the dealer has no costs associated with filledinventory. For example, the dealer does not have to contact the operatorof the PIN server at the beginning of each month and order $10,000 worthof cards. The dealer does not have to predict which cards will bepopular, and how many cards to order of each type. Payment for the PINis charged at the time of each transaction, and thus the dealer has nofilled inventory costs.

In the automated kiosk embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, the customer canenter payment by swiping a credit card through credit card receptor 214,or inserting cash into bill receptacle 218 or coin receptacle 220. Usingthe personal computer of FIG. 2C, the customer can enter payment bytyping in his or her credit card information.

After payment has been received and verified in stage 418, then in stage420 PIN server retrieves a PIN from the database having the appropriatecharacteristics selected by the customer. For example, if the customerchose to purchase a $50 virtual pre-paid phone card for pre-paidcellular telephone service from AIRTOUCH, then PIN server 102 couldretrieve record 312 f shown in FIG. 3. In stage 422, PIN server 102transmits PIN 0948574995 (this PIN is shown in PIN field 306 ofexemplary record 312 f in FIG. 3) to the customer at the clientterminal. Once a PIN has been retrieved from PIN database 112 andtransmitted to the customer, the PIN record is marked as sold andunavailable from PIN database 112 so that it will not be sent to anothercustomer. Alternatively, the PIN record can be marked as used, so thatit will not be retrieved for another customer.

PIN server 102 also transmits any instructions necessary to use the PIN.For example, PIN server 102 can transmit a telephone access number,which the customer needs to dial before placing a cellular telephonecall and entering the PIN. The telephone access number and otherinstructions will be unique for each provider. These instructions caneither be stored in each individual record 312 in PIN database 112, orthe instructions can be stored in provider records 124.

The customer could also request to receive multiple PINs. For example,the customer could purchase 3 $50 PINs for AIRTOUCH cellular telephoneservice. After the customer enters $150 in payment, PIN server 102transmits 3 $50 PINs to the customer at the client terminal.

At stage 424, the client terminal prints out a receipt for the customer.The receipt includes the requested PIN(s) purchased by the customer, andany instructions for using the PIN such as a telephone access number.The receipt can also contain advertisements. Advertisers pay theoperator of PIN server 102 for the opportunity to have their adsdisplayed on receipts. The receipt is a printed piece of paper.Alternatively, the receipt could be in the form of a plastic card. PINserver 102 then returns back to the first stage 400, waiting for thenext customer to request to “BEGIN”.

FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart illustrating a method of operation of clientterminals 106, 108, 110 (shown in FIGS. 1), 200, 210, and 222 (shown inFIG. 2). FIGS. 6-10 show exemplary displays to be shown on the screen ofthe client terminal. The method of operation will now be described withreference to the flowchart of FIG. 5 and the screens shown in FIGS.6-10.

In stage 500, a window appears which states “TOUCH HERE TO BEGIN.” Thecustomer can begin by touching the touch-screen 204 or 212 in theappropriate location. If the customer has accessed the PIN server 102 byusing personal computer 222, the customer can begin by entering anappropriate URL into the browser. This would bring the customer to theweb page running on PIN server 102. The customer could click on a linklabeled “BEGIN” to begin the purchase process.

In stage 501, the client terminal displays list of offered goods andservices, such as cellular telephone service, gasoline, electricity,dry-cleaning, etc. The customer can then choose one of these goods orservices to purchase. Assume, for this example, that the customer hasselects “cellular telephone service”. In stage 502, the customer isprovided with a list of providers for the chosen good or service andasked to choose a provider. FIG. 6 shows an exemplary screencorresponding to stage 502 (assuming that the customer has selected“cellular telephone service”). Touch-screen 600 displays browser window604. Four service provider options are shown: AIR TOUCH option 608,PRIMUS option 606, SPRINT option 610 and AT&T option 612. For thepurposes of this example, assume that a customer touches AIRTOUCH option608.

In stage 504, the display screen displays virtual cards of variousmonetary options, which are offered, for the chosen good or serviceprovider (which in this example is AIRTOUCH). FIG. 7 shows an exemplarydisplay screen corresponding to stage 504. Four possible monetarydenominations may be selected. The customer can choose the $15 option708, $30 option 706, $50 option 710, or $100 option 712.

In stage 506, the display screen displays rate information, if desiredby the customer. The customer is given the option of viewing rates bytouching the VIEW RATES option 714 shown in FIG. 7. If the customerdecides to touch VIEW RATES option 714, then in stage 506, the screendisplays calling rates, card expiration dates, or any other informationapplicable to the chosen good or service, or specific to the particulargood or service provider chosen. For example, if the customer who haschosen to purchase AIRTOUCH cellular service, touches the VIEW RATESoption 714, then FIG. 8 shows an exemplary screen. Information window800 provides a number of information fields. Card value field 802displays the various virtual card monetary values offered. Local ratesfield 804 displays the calling rate per minute for each card value.Expiration field 806 displays the expiration date beyond which the PINis no longer usable. As shown in FIG. 8, AIRTOUCH offers a discount forhigher value card purchases. In other words, the calling rate goes downfor higher card value purchases. By touching the continue field 808, thecustomer can return to the screen shown in FIG. 7.

In FIG. 7, the customer selects a particular monetary denominationoffered by touching the screen in an appropriate location. In thisexample, assume that the customer has chosen the $100 virtual cardoption 712. This brings up the display shown in FIG. 9. In stage 508,the customer is given the choice of how many cards he or she wishes topurchase. The quantity of cards window 908 in FIG. 9 displays the numberof virtual cards to be purchased. The customer can touch arrow 910 toincrement the number of virtual cards to be purchased. The number ofcards to be purchased is shown in box 912. The customer can touch arrow914 to decrement the number of virtual cards to be purchased. Field 900and virtual card 906 display the monetary value of the virtual card thatwas chosen by the customer. Local rates field 902 displays the callingrate for the chosen virtual card. Expiration field 904 displays when thevirtual card will expire.

If the customer changes his or her mind, and wishes to purchase a cardwith a different value, the customer can return to the screen shown inFIG. 7 by touching the CHANGE CARD field 918. Otherwise, the customercan proceed by touching the CONTINUE field 916. This brings up thedisplay shown in FIG. 10A, corresponding to stage 510. Field 1000displays the total purchase price. Since the customer has requested topurchase two pre-paid virtual $100 cards from AIR TOUCH, the totalpurchase price is $200. Field 1002 instructs the customer to insertpayment. This message could alternatively tell the customer to entercredit card information, swipe a credit card, a debit card, a smartcard, or pay cash to a cashier depending on the particular clientterminal being used and/or a chosen method of payment.

In stage 512, payment is received from the customer. After payment hasbeen received and verified, PIN server 102 retrieves the requestedPIN(s) from PIN database 112 and transmits the requested PIN(s) to theclient terminal in stage 514. The PIN(s) can be displayed on the screenas shown in FIG. 10 b, field 1004. Message 1006 informs the customer totake a receipt. A receipt is printed out in stage 516. The receipt willcontain the requested PIN(s) and any instructions necessary for usingthe PIN such as an access number to call. If privacy is a concern, itmight be preferable not to display the PINs on the screen, but insteadto only print the PINs on the receipt.

FIGS. 11 and 12 depict a flowchart illustrating a method of using thePIN once the customer has received the PIN from PIN server 102. FIG. 11shows an exemplary method, which assumes that the customer has purchasedpre-paid telephone service. As an example, assume that a customer haspurchased $50 of pre-paid telephone service. A receipt was printed outfor the customer providing a PIN and a telephone access number. In stage1100, the customer dials the access number, which was provided on thereceipt. Typically, the access number is specific to the chosen serviceprovider. For example, if the customer has previously purchased $50 ofpre-paid telephone service from AIRTOUCH, the customer will be given anAIRTOUCH access number. When the customer dials the access number, thecustomer's call will be routed to a switch operated by AIRTOUCH. Theaccess number is preferably a toll-free 1-800 number or a local number.In stage 1102, the customer is prompted to dial the destination numberthat he or she wishes to call. In stage 1104, the customer is promptedto enter a PIN, which was printed out, on the receipt. The customer thendials in his or her PIN. An AIRTOUCH server then checks a PIN accountfor the entered PIN. In stage 1106, the AIRTOUCH server checks to seehow much money is remaining in the account. If there is enough moneyleft in the pre-paid account to place the desired call, then the call tothe destination number is placed in stage 1108. While the call iscontinuing, the PIN account is debited in accordance with the callingcharges. In stage 1110, if the account value reaches zero, the customeris informed that a new PIN must be purchased or additional payment mustbe made. As an option, the customer can be allowed to dial in a creditcard number to continue with the call.

FIG. 12 depicts a flowchart illustrating a similar method to FIG. 11.However, FIG. 12 depicts an example where the customer has purchasedpre-paid gasoline. For this example, assume that a customer haspreviously purchased $50 of pre-paid MOBIL gasoline. A receipt wasprinted out for the customer providing a PIN. In stage 1200, thecustomer arrives at a local MOBIL gas station. The customer uses akeypad and display screen at a self-service pump. The customer pushes abutton indicating that he or she wishes to pay with a pre-paid PINaccount. In stage 102, the customer is prompted to enter a PIN. Thecustomer enters the PIN for which he or she pre-paid. The PIN is sent toa server operated by MOBIL. The server checks a PIN account for that PINto determine how much money is remaining in the account. If there ismoney left in the pre-paid account, then the customer is told to beginpumping. The pre-paid PIN account is then debited in accordance withcharges for the gasoline pumped. If the account reaches zero, thecustomer is informed that additional payment must be made.

PIN server 102 essentially serves as a PIN warehouse. The operators ofPIN server 102 can obtain PINs from various providers in two ways. Afirst method of obtaining PINs from providers is as follows. PINs arepurchased by the operator of the PIN server 102 directly from theproviders. For example, a $10 pre-paid PIN could be purchased fromAIRTOUCH at a wholesale price of $8 and then stored in PIN database 112.In other words, AIRTOUCH sells the PIN to the operator of the PIN server102 for $8, and the operator resells the PIN to the customer for $10.Thus, the operator would make a $2 profit on the sale of the PIN.

A second method of obtaining and selling PINs is as follows. The PINsare received from various providers at no cost to the operator of thePIN server 102, who serves as a warehouse for the PINS. After a PIN issold to a customer, the payment received from the customer is forwardedto the appropriate provider, minus a commission for such operator.

Another feature of the system is the ability to offer discounts. PINserver 102 can send advertisements and discount offers to the clientterminals. Service providers can offer discounts such as “PRE-PAIDCELLULAR SERVICE AT 30 CENTS PER MINUTE. 10 CENTS PER MINUTE CHEAPERTHAN NORMAL RATE!” Providers will be happy to provide such discounts forpre-paid purchase because there are many advantages to selling pre-paidservice. The provider does not have to worry that the customer won't payhis bills, because the calls are pre-paid. The provider does not have tokeep track of billing addresses and mailing bills to the customer. Theprovider gets the money before the call is even made, and thus earnsinterest on the money. Because of these advantages of pre-paid service,it is often advantageous to providers to offer a discount for pre-paidpurchases.

FIGS. 13-16 depicts a purchase-ordering feature. The purchase orderingfeature is intended to be used by dealers who wish to purchase a batchof various types of PINs, for the purpose of reselling these PINs toindividual customers. The purchase order feature allows a dealer toorder a desired assortment of PINs from different providers of differentdenominations.

FIG. 13 depicts an example of a login screen for allowing a user toenter the purchase ordering system. To enter the purchase orderingsystem, the user must be a registered user. Typically, users of thepurchase ordering system will be dealers who resell the PINs to othercustomers. The dealers can buy PINs in bulk, and thus receive a specialwholesale discount. As an option, in addition to dealers, preferredcustomers could be allowed to use the purchase ordering system. A userenters his or her user name in username field 1302 and enters a passwordin password field 1304. The user then hits the Enter button 1306.

If the user's username and password is recognized as being a registereduser, then the purchase order data entry screen is displayed as shown inFIG. 14. Dealer Information field 1402 displays the name, address, andany other pertinent identifying information of the dealer who has loggedin to the purchase order data entry system. If other customers besidesdealers are allowed to log in to the purchase order data entry system,then field 1402 can be labeled “customer information” or “userinformation.”

Payment method field 1404 displays the payment method and details, suchas credit card information, or ACH wallet, etc. Current balance field1406 displays whether the user has an outstanding balance: i.e. eitherthe dealer owes money to the operator of the PIN server 102 or has acertain amount of credit remaining.

Table 1407 allows the dealer to many individual purchase orders. Eachrow of the table represents one individual purchase order. For example,the dealer can order ten $50 cards from AT&T, and 20 $100 cards fromSprint, and 15 $75 cards from Verizon Wireless, etc.

Carrier column 1408 allows the user to select a unique carrier for eachpurchase order of PINs. Region column 1410 allows the user to select aparticular region for each separate purchase order of PINs. Card typecolumn 1412 allows the user to select a particular card monetarydenomination for each separate purchase order of PINs. Qty column 1414allows the user to select a quantity of cards to purchase for eachseparate purchase order of PINs. Wholesale column 1416 displays thewholesale per-PIN price for each separate purchase order of PINs.

Totals column 1418 displays the total price paid for each purchaseorder. Totals column 1418 field is simply the wholesale column price1416 multiplied by the Qty column 1414. Add/Del column 1420 allows thedealer to confirm the addition of each individual purchase order, or tochange his mind and delete an entered order. Grand total field 1421displays the sum of all the individual totals from each individualpurchase order.

As an example of an individual purchase order, the first row shown inFIG. 14 indicates that the user has selected one order of VerizonWireless PINs for the Northwest region. The dealer has ordered five $30PINs. The dealer is getting a discount, so the dealer only has to pay$25 for the $30 PIN. The total paid for the dealer for that individualpurchase order is $250.00. If the dealer changes his mind, and wishes toerase this order, he can do so by clicking “DEL.”

If the user wishes to cancel his or her order, the user can click CancelOrder button 1426. If the user wishes to update the price totals shownin column 1418 and field 1421, the user can hit the Update Order button1422. If the user is satisfied with what he or she has entered, then theuser can proceed with the order by clicking the Update Order button1426. This brings up the Purchase Order Summary screen displayed in FIG.15.

The Purchase Order Summary screen shown in FIG. 15 allows the user toreview his or her entire purchase order and check that everything hasbeen entered correctly. If the user wishes to change something, the usercan click Change Purchase Order button 1502. This will take the userback to the Purchase Order Data Entry screen displayed in FIG. 14.

If the user is satisfied with the purchase order summary displayed inFIG. 15, then the user can click Submit P.O. button 1506. The user willautomatically be charged by whatever payment method was previouslyselected (e.g. charged to an on-file credit card, ACH funds transfer,etc.). The user will then get a printed out receipt. A typical receiptis shown in FIG. 17 and will be discussed later.

If the user wishes to pay by an alternate credit card, he or she canclick Pay With Alternate Credit Card 1504. This takes the user to theAlternate Credit Card Payment screen shown in FIG. 16. The user can thenenter credit card information in the Billing Information fields.

FIG. 18 shows an example of a Prepaid cellular PIN ticket 1800. Ticket1800 is the receipt that is printed out when an individual user orders asingle PIN from PIN server 102 from one of the embodiments shown in FIG.2 (this receipt is not from the purchase ordering system which has amore elaborate printout shown in FIG. 17).

FIGS. 19A and 19B depict another example of a database record in PINdatabase 112. This example shows a more detailed record than the examplerecord shown in FIG. 3. Carrier ID fields 1902 contain fields providinginformation pertaining to the individual carrier selected. Carrierregion fields 1904 contains fields providing information pertaining tothe carrier region selected. Promo ID fields 1906 contains informationpertaining to any promotional program(s) that the PIN was purchasedunder. Attributes fields 1908 contains information pertaining to the PINattributes such as the calling cost per minute, PIN expiration, longdistance rate, and roaming rate. Card ID fields 1910 contains variousidentification fields associated with the PIN. PIN ID fields 1912contain fields providing information pertaining to PIN identification.Dealer ID fields 1914 contain information pertaining to the dealer wherethe PIN is purchased. When a PIN is purchased at a dealer, Dealer IDfields 1914 gets filled in with the corresponding dealer information.Sub/kiosk ID fields 1916 contain information pertaining to a kiosk wherethe PIN is purchased. When a PIN is purchased, these fields get filledin with the kiosk information associated with the kiosk where the PINwas purchased. POS Type ID fields 1918 contain additional informationpertaining to kiosk identification. Payment_method ID fields 1920contain information pertaining to the method of payment. Credit Card IDfields 1922 contain credit card information, if the PIN was purchased bycredit card. Lastly, Employee ID fields 1924 contain informationpertaining to an employee who may have made the PIN sale, and anycommission, which the employee receives for the sale.

Every PIN in PIN database 112 has its own associated record, as shown inFIGS. 19A and 19B. The records shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B are directedtowards wireless telephone service. However, different types of recordscan be used which are tailored to the product or service being sold,such as gasoline. Each PIN has its own associated record as shown inFIGS. 19A and 19B, even before the PIN is purchased. Every time a newPIN is created in the system, a new record is made. When the PIN ispurchased by a customer or dealer, the information about the sale isfilled in to the appropriate fields in the record, and the record ismarked as sold so that the PIN is not resold to another customer ordealer.

Referring next to FIG. 20, shown is an overview of a system 2000throughout which PINs are distributed and dispensed in a mannerconsistent with the present invention. As shown, server 2002 is coupledto network 2004. Server 2002 can be any large computer or networkdevice. Network 2004 can be any network connecting computers, such asthe Internet or the conventional telephone network (POTS). Clientterminals 2006 a-d are communicatively coupled to the server 2002 viathe network 2004.

Except as otherwise described below, the client terminals 2006 a-d areconfigured to operate in much the same way as the client terminals 106,108, 110 (described with reference to FIG. 1) in accessing server 2002via network 2004 for the purpose of obtaining PINs. However, the clientterminals 2006 a-d of FIG. 20 are also configured to cache limitedquantities of certain types of PINs, and to request the server 2002 toreplenish these PIN repositories to specified levels. Similarly, theserver 2002 is configured to operate in much the same way as the server102. However, the server 2002 in the present embodiment is also disposedto provide PINs to replenish the PIN caches respectively maintained bythe client terminals 2006 a-d. As one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate, any of the client terminals described herein may be realizedby a combination of hardware and software which may be implemented in avariety of programmable devices.

PINs delivered by the client terminals 2006 a-d may be associated withofferings (e.g., product/service, region, denomination) in a variety ofways, and such PINs may be requested in a variety of ways. In someembodiments, each PIN is identified and requested by a stock keepingunit (SKU) and/or universal product code (UPC). In these embodimentseach PIN-based SKU or UPC summarizes an offering of a service/product, aregion (i.e., that the service/product is available or applicable), theprovider (e.g., carrier) of the product/service and/or the denomination(e.g., monetary value). As a consequence, a user's selection may includea particular product/service, a provider and/or denomination, and in theexemplary embodiment, the user's client terminal 2006 _(a-d) associatesa PIN-based SKU or UPC with the user's selection. The client terminal2006 _(a-d) then requests a PIN by its corresponding SKU or UPC number.

Referring next to FIG. 21, shown is a schematic diagram of the structureof one embodiment of the server 2002. As shown, the server 2002 includesmany of the same components of the server 102 described with referenceto FIG. 1 including RAM 2114, ROM 2116, CPU 2118, a data storage device2120, and a network communication manager 2130. The data storage device2120 contains a personal identification number (PIN) database 2112,client terminal records 2122, customer records 2123, provider records2124, and SKU pre-storage records 2126.

Consistent with the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the SKUpre-storage records 2126 include a record for each terminal 2006 _(a-d)indicating which PIN-based SKUs may be pre-stored on such terminal 2006_(a-d). For example, although a given terminal 2006 _(a-d) may beauthorized to sell many different SKUs, in many cases the majority ofsales transacted through the terminal 2006 _(a-d) are for a relativelysmall number of “high-volume” SKUs. In the exemplary embodiment thepre-storage record 2126 for the given terminal 2006 _(a-d) will reflecta “high-water mark” for each high-volume SKU. In this regard eachhigh-water mark is indicative of the number of prepaid PINs for aparticular high-volume SKU permitted to be stored on the applicableterminal 2006 _(a-d). As is described below, the server 2002 utilizesthe value of the high-water mark characterizing a given high-volume SKUin determining the number of prepaid PINs to provide the correspondingclient terminal 2006 _(a-d) in response to a request from such terminalto replenish its local supply of the high-volume SKU.

Turning now to FIG. 22, there is illustrated a physical embodiment ofone of the client terminals 2006 _(a-d). Each client terminal 2006_(a-d) functions to vend a receipt 2210 corresponding to a prepaidtelephone or cellular telephone card, prepaid gasoline card, or anyother product or service premised upon dispensing of a PIN to a user.The terminal 2006 _(a-d) is contained within a housing 2220 thatencloses a magnetic stripe reader, an integrated printer unit forprinting receipt 2210, a processor, memory and communication circuitry(see FIG. 23). The housing 2220 defines an upper surface upon which isdisposed an electronic key pad 2224 for receiving user input and adigital LCD display screen 2228. The housing 2220 further defines a cardslot 2230 through which a credit, debit or other card (not shown) maypass so that its magnetic stripe is read by the magnetic stripe readerof the terminal 2006 _(a-d).

During operation of the terminal 2006 a-d, various options appear on thescreen 2228, which a customer or clerk may select by pressing anappropriate button on the key pad 2224. A customer may make payment bypaying cash to a store clerk, or by swiping a credit, debit or otherpayment card through card slot 2230.

Turning now to FIG. 23, there is shown a block diagrammaticrepresentation of the electronic and other components of an embodimentof the client terminal 2006 a-d. As shown, the terminal 2006 a-dincludes a central processor 2310 which may be realized as a 32-bitmicroprocessor. The terminal 2006 _(a-d) further includes RAM 2320 andROM 2330 coupled to the processor 2310. The processor 2310 is alsocoupled to a number of other components, including an integrated printerunit 2350, I/O ports 2360, a modem 2370, key pad 2224, digital LCDscreen 2228 and magnetic stripe reader 2380. As shown, the ROM 2330stores instructions of a terminal application program 2334 and otherdata files described below. Except to the extent the components of theclient terminal 2006 _(a-d) depicted in FIG. 23 are operating under thecontrol of the application program 2334 in accordance with theinvention, such components may function together so as to yieldoperation analogous to that occurring in conventional point-of-saleterminals, such as the Omni 3700 family of terminals available fromVerifone.

As shown in FIG. 23, the ROM 2330 contains a local PIN cache 2340containing prepaid PINs corresponding to those high-volume SKUsassociated with the applicable terminal 2006 _(a-d). The ROM 2330 alsoincludes update records 2342, each of which contains data relating tothe sale of a prepaid PIN from the cache 2340. The ROM 2330 furtherincludes a product catalog 2344, which contains the set of prepaid orother products and services available for purchase using the terminal2006 _(a-d). Each record within the product catalog 2344 includes anidentifying number to be keyed in via key pad 2224 to select theapplicable product, and the internal identifier to be requested from theserver 2002 when the product is selected. When the product being soldcomprises prepaid telecommunications services (i.e., a “prepaid phonecard”), the record specifies the denomination of the card, theassociated carrier and region, and similar details.

In the exemplary embodiment an administrator of the server 2002 ispermitted to adjust, for each client terminal 2006 a-d, the high-watermark for each SKU vended by the terminal 2006 a-d. The defaulthigh-water mark for each such SKU is zero, which indicates that the SKUis not cached within the PIN cache 2340 of the applicable terminal 2006a-d. In the exemplary embodiment the high-water mark will be known tothe terminal 2006 a-d (e.g., downloaded to the terminal 2006 a-d as apart of the product catalog 2344).

Turning now to FIG. 24, a flowchart is provided of a process 2400 ofselling an item of prepaid goods or services and replenishing a localPIN cache in accordance with the present invention. This process 2400 isinitiated when a clerk using the terminal 2006 _(a-d) selects orotherwise identifies an item desired to be purchased by a customer(stage 2404). In this regard the clerk may enter either a shopkeepingunit (SKU) code corresponding to the desired item from the productcatalog file 2344 (e.g., 12345 for $100 of telecommunications servicefrom Verizon), or may instead scroll through a list of availableproducts rendered on the screen 2228.

Prior to contacting the server 2002 in order to obtain a prepaid PINcorresponding to the requested product, the terminal 2006 a-d determineswhether it has stored one or more of the corresponding prepaid PINswithin its local PIN cache 2340 (stage 2406). If so, one of theseprepaid PINs within the cache 2340 is used for the sale and printed outupon a receipt for the customer (stage 2408). Again, the receiptincludes the requested PIN(s) purchased by the customer, and anyinstructions for using the PIN such as a telephone access number. Inaddition, the terminal application program 2334 locally writes therelevant information concerning the sale to one of the update records2342 (stage 2410). Such information will typically include an orderidentification number, the current date/time and a code indicative ofthe clerk conducting the sale.

It may be appreciated that the availability of a desired prepaid PINwithin the local PIN cache 2340 of a given terminal 2006 _(a-d) maysignificantly reduce the time associated with the purchasing process.This is because in many implementations a substantial portion of thetime required to obtain a desired PIN from the server 2002 is devoted todialing and connecting operations, rather than the actual transfer ofdata over the phone line or other network connection.

If, on the other hand, a prepaid PIN corresponding to the selectedproduct (i.e., SKU) is unavailable within the cache 2340, the terminal2006 a-d contacts the server 2002 and requests it (stage 2412). If anon-zero high water mark is associated with the requested product, thena set of PINs for the requested product is downloaded from the server2002 to the terminal 2006 a-d (stage 2414) A first of these downloadedPINs is sold to the requesting consumer, while the remainder of the setof downloaded PINs are stored within the local PIN cache 2340 (stage2416). In the exemplary embodiment the number of additional PINsdownloaded is not larger than the high-water mark associated with therequested product, and may be lower based upon administrative controlsand available inventory. In addition, any update records 2342 notpreviously transferred to the server 2002 are uploaded to the server2002 upon contacting it to request additional PINs (stage 2420). Thisenables any reports subsequently generated for the operator of theapplicable terminal 2006 a-d to accurately reflect the time of sale ofeach prepaid PIN to a consumer.

From an accounting perspective, the operator of the server 2002 mayconsider transfer of a set of PINs to the local PIN cache 2340 of arequesting terminal 2006 a-d to be equivalent to the actual sale of suchPINs to an end-user. In this implementation the sales date/time field320 of each corresponding record 312 within database 112 is initializedto the empty string upon transfer of the set of PINs from the server2006 _(a-d) to the applicable cache 2340. Upon receipt at the server2002 of the update record for each PIN downloaded to the cache 2340 ofthe terminal 2006 a-d, the sales date/time field 320 of eachcorresponding record 312 is appropriately modified to reflect the actualsales date and time for the PIN indicated by the update record (stage2426).

The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specificnomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention.However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specificdetails are not required in order to practice the invention. In otherinstances, well-known circuits and devices are shown in block diagramform in order to avoid unnecessary distraction from the underlyinginvention. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments ofthe present invention are presented for purposes of illustration anddescription. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed; obviously many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, to therebyenable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention andvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated. It is intended that the following Claimsand their equivalents define the scope of the invention.

1. A method of providing a personal identification number (PIN) from aclient terminal, comprising: storing, at the client terminal, one ormore PINs for plural prepaid products or services; receiving, at theclient terminal, a request for a PIN associated with a desired prepaidproduct or service associated with a prepaid service provider; sending,from the client terminal, a PIN request to a server when the desiredprepaid product or service does not correspond to one of the pluralprepaid services; receiving the PIN request at the server and obtainingan additional PIN from a PIN database; sending the additional PIN fromthe server to the client terminal; receiving, at the client terminal,the additional PIN; and dispensing the additional PIN from the clientterminal.
 2. The method of claim 1 further including receiving andstoring, at the client terminal and in response to the PIN request, aplurality of additional PINs associated with the desired prepaid productor service.
 3. The method of claim 1 further including: receiving, atthe client terminal, a request for a PIN associated with an additionaldesired prepaid product or service corresponding to one of the pluralprepaid services; and dispensing, from the client terminal, at least onePIN associated with the additional desired prepaid product or servicewhich is stored at the client terminal.
 4. The method of claim 1 whereinno PINs are stored at the client terminal.
 5. The method of claim 1wherein the PIN is disposed for use in accessing pre-paid telephoneservice and the prepaid service provider is a telephone servicesprovider.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the PIN is disposed for usein purchasing a product.
 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:transmitting to the client terminal data describing a plurality ofavailable products or services; providing, from the client terminal, adisplay of the plurality of available products; and receiving, at theclient terminal from a user of the client terminal, a selection of oneor more of the available products or services.
 8. The method of claim 1further comprising: transmitting to the client terminal data describinga plurality of provider names for the requested prepaid product orservice; providing, from the client terminal, a display of the pluralityof provider names; and receiving, at the client terminal from a user ofthe client terminal, a selection of one of the available provider names.9. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting to the clientterminal data describing a plurality of monetary denominations availablefor the requested provider; providing, from the client terminal, adisplay of the plurality of monetary denominations; and receiving, atthe client terminal from a user of the client terminal, a selection ofone of the available monetary denominations.
 10. The method of claim 1wherein a dealer remits a portion of the payment to an accountassociated with the server.
 11. The method of claim 1 further includingproviding a printed receipt to a user of the client terminal wherein theprinted receipt includes at least the one or more additional PINs.
 12. Asystem for processing PIN transactions, comprising: a plurality ofclient terminals, said client terminals including: a processor; a firstinterface disposed to receive a first request for a PIN associated witha first desired prepaid service and a second request for a PINassociated with a second desired prepaid service; memory operativelycoupled to the processor, the memory including instructions of anapplication program executed by the processor and caching at least afirst requested PIN associated with the first desired prepaid service; adispensing mechanism through which is dispensed, under the control ofthe application program, the first requested PIN in response to thefirst request for a PIN; and a second interface through which istransmitted, to a server, a PIN request generated by the applicationprogram when the application program determines that at least one PINassociated with the second desired prepaid service is not cached withinthe memory; wherein the dispensing mechanism is further configured todispense, under the control of the application program and insubstantially real time relative to receipt of the second request for aPIN, a second requested PIN associated with the second desired prepaidservice wherein the second requested PIN is received through the secondinterface; and a server system communicatively coupled to the pluralityof client terminals, said server system including: one or more servercomputers, each of said one or more server computers having one or moreserver processors and one or more server memories; and one or more PINdatabases coupled to the one or more server computers, wherein said oneor more PIN databases are configured to store one or more PINs forprovision to the one or more client terminals.
 13. The system of claim12 wherein the one or more PIN databases include: a plurality of sets ofPINs associated with a corresponding plurality of prepaid services, anda set of records wherein each of the records includes informationidentifying ones of said plurality of prepaid services for which one ofthe client terminals is disposed to store plural PINs;
 14. The system ofclaim 12 wherein the one or more server memories include instructionsfor execution on the one or more server processors for sending, to afirst of the client terminals from which a PIN request corresponding toone of the plurality of prepaid services is received, at least one PINassociated with the one of the plurality of prepaid services.
 15. Thesystem of claim 14 wherein the at least one PIN is sent in substantiallyreal time relative to receipt of the PIN request.